Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today, and why is this difference growing over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an informed conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, but we don't know exactly what the contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men however not as in the past, has to be due to the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For شراء مشاهدات يوتيوب (get redirected here) example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line - which means that in every country the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia, women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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In the richer countries, the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's examine the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there's an upward trend: Men and women in the US are living much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was extremely small however, it has grown significantly over time.

It is possible to verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.