Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live much longer than men today and why does this benefit increase over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, However, we're not sure how much the influence to each of these variables is.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men do today, but not previously, has to be due to the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can expect to live longer than her brothers.

This chart shows that, although there is a women's advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be substantial. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US between 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was tiny, it has increased substantially over time.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you can confirm that the two points also apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.