Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only incomplete answers. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, but we don't know exactly how much the influence to each of these variables is.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and تحاميل مهبلية relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for تحاميل مهبلية survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that, while the advantage for women exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In the richer countries, the longevity advantage for women was previously smaller.
Let's look at the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy when they were born in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small but it has risen significantly over time.

When you click on the option "Change country' on the chart, you can verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.